Hydrothermal Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Whiskers and Study on Their Needle-like Growth Mechanism
2025-08-07
Hydroxyapatite whiskers have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, making them a biomedical material with broad application prospects. The hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite whiskers offers good reproducibility, ease of control, high crystallinity, uniform shape, and stable performance. Using self-made CaHPO_4 as the nutrient, hydroxyapatite whiskers were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The obtained whiskers were systematically tested and qualitatively analyzed. The effects of parameters such as temperature, heating rate, pH, pressure, filling degree, and nutrient on whisker growth under hydrothermal conditions were discussed. Various crystal defects formed during the whisker growth process were analyzed, and solutions were proposed. Meanwhile, the crystallography and interfacial kinetics mechanisms of the needle-like growth of hydroxyapatite whiskers were explored. Experimental results show that hydrothermal synthesis can produce needle-like hydroxyapatite whiskers with an average length of 1 mm and an aspect ratio of 60 to 80. It was found that temperature, heating rate, pH, pressure, and nutrients affect the solubility of CaHPO_4, thereby changing the system's supersaturation and influencing the growth of hydroxyapatite whiskers. Low supersaturation and low pH favor the needle-like growth of hydroxyapatite whiskers. Analysis indicates that the mechanism of needle-like growth of hydroxyapatite whiskers is: on one hand, the number of Ca~(2+) connecting Ca-P_6O_(24) on the c-plane is higher than on the a and b planes, making the c-plane more stable and its growth rate higher.
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